Singapore
Singapore
2 Jalan Lempeng
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Singapore ((teerera)), zviri pamutemo Republic of Singapore, iri rakazvimirira chitsuwa guta-nyika mune maruwa Southeast Asia. Iri panoda kunge imwe dhigirii (137 makiromita kana 85 mamaira) kuchamhembe kwenzvimbo inonzi equator, kubva kumucheto kweMaodzanyemba kweMalawi Peninsula, kumiganhu yeStraits yeMalacca kumadokero, Islands yeRiau Islands kumaodzanyemba, uye South China Gungwa kumabvazuva. Nzvimbo yenyika ino yakaumbwa nechitsuwa chimwe chikuru, makumi matanhatu nesere chitsuwa nezvitsuwa, uye imwe nzvimbo yakapamirwa, nzvimbo yakasanganiswa iyo yakawedzera ne25% kubva parunyararo rwenyika senzira yekuwana nyika zvirango. Munhoroondo yayo yemamirenia yakareba, Singapore yaive nzvimbo yemakungwa yakawira pasi pesutuinty yemapoka anotevedzana anotevedzana: pakutanga yakatevedzana yekare kusvika ekare thalassocratic humambo, humambo hwekare hweSingapura, uye pakupedzisira maviri medieval ekutanga emazuva ano sultanates. Kuuya kwaStamford Raffles muna 1819, mukuru weBritain, uye kumisikidzwa kweBritish East India Kambani yekutengesa pachitsuwa chikuru kwakaratidza hunyanzvi hweSux yazvino. Makore mashanu gare gare, makambani eBritish neDutch akasayina Chibvumirano cheAnglo-Dutch che 1824, neBritish zvakanyatsorwisa Singapore muchirongwa ichi, zvichiratidza kudzima kwekutonga kwenzvimbo iyoyo pachitsuwa kekutanga munhoroondo yayo. Muna 1826, Singapore yakaiswa muSraits Settlements, pani-yeBritish Malayan purezidhendi wekambani. Muna 1830, Zvigaro zvakatamiswa kuenda kuBritish India senzvimbo yekumabvazuva, kwaizotongwa kubva kuguta guru reCalcutta pasi pekutonga zviviri-kusvika muna 1858 mukutonga kweCompany, uye-zvichitevera kupunzika kwekambani kumuka kwekupandukira kwa1977 kuIndia. —Makore 1867 pasi peiyo Crown kutonga. Muna 1867, hutongi hweMaguta hwakatamisirwa kuLondon zvakananga, zvichivaunza pasi pekutonga kweUnited Kingdom sekorona nyowani.Kubva muna 1867 kusvika ma1940, Singapore yakakura kuva nzvimbo inobudirira pasi pesimba rehumambo hweBritain. kukwezva huwandu hukuru hwevagari vatsva vanobva padunhu nenzvimbo. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika yechipiri, Humambo hweJapan hwakapinda nechisimba ndokutora nzvimbo yeSwitzerland, zvichikonzera kupindirana kwehutongi hweBritain kubva muna 1942 kusvika 1945. Kutevera kuzviisa pasi kweJapan muna 1945, Singapore yakadzoserwa kukutonga kweBritain; muna 1946, Straits Settlements yakanyungudika, uye Singapore yakave yakagadzikana korona koroni. Muna 1959, zvichitevera nguva yakamutswa yekumukira kutonga koloni, Singapore yakapihwa kuzvitonga kuzere; muna1967, rakasunungurwa zvizere kubva kuHurumende yeBritain pamusoro pesangano pamwe nenzvimbo dzeBritain Malaya neBritain Borneo yekutanga nyika itsva yeMalaysia. Nekudaro, mushure memakore maviri ainetsa senyika yedunhu, yakakanganiswa nemhirizhonga yehukasha pamwe nekumwe kusiana kusingatarisike, Singapore yakadzingwa muna 1965, ikava nyika yekutanga munhau yemazuva ano kuwana rusununguko mukuda kwayo - kunyangwe iyi nhoroondo ichiramba ichikwikwidza. Mushure memakore ekutanga enyonganyonga, nyika ichangobva kutonga-yakataridzika senge isinga gadzirike nenyika dzese nekuda kwekushomeka kwayo, kusagadzikana kwe geostrategic, kusavapo kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, uye kushomeka kweiyo hinterland-yakashomeka misikanzwa nekukurumidza kukura uye indasitiri kuti ive yepamusoro-. hupfumi hwepfuma uye nyika yakasimukira mukati mechizvarwa chimwe chete. Singapore inhengo imwe chete yeparamende isina kubatana ine nhengo yeparamende isina kubatana yakaratidza hutongi hwebato kubvira parusununguko. Sangano reEconomist Intelligence rakaviga Singapore "yakakanganisika democracy" muna 2019.Ndiro chete guta rakazvimirira zvechokwadi pasi rose; ine mari yayo uye mauto anotsigirwa kwazvo ayo anonzi anonyanya kufora muSoutheast Asia. Nyika inogara vagari vanosvika mamirioni mashanu, mazana matanhatu kubva muzana (3,4 miriyoni) avo vari veSantan; senhaka yehunhu hwayo hwenhoroondo seye entrepôt. Singapore inyika yakasarudzika ine mugari wemo, mutsika, uye nechitendero vakasiyana uye semucherechedzo weiyo iyi huwandu, huwandu hwenyika dzakasiyana siyana hwakavezwa senheyo yenheyo yenyika, mukuumbwa kwezvematongerwo enyika pamwe nemitemo yenyika. Nyika, inova Anglophone, ine mitauro mina yepamutemo: Chirungu, Malay, Chinese, uye Kitamil; ChiMalay, semutauro wemadzitateguru emunyika yacho, inopihwa kuchengetedzwa mubumbiro remutemo wenyika semutauro wenyika, nepo Chirungu chiri lingua franca, ichitaurwa sedare ruzhinji nevakawanda veSansan. Nhasi, Singapore inhengo yemasangano mazhinji epasi rose, kunge ari mumwe wevashanu vekutanga nhengo dze ASEAN, iri dzimbahwe reAsia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) uye Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC), inhengo yeUnited Nations. , World Trade Organisation, East Asia Summit, Asina Kugadzika Movement, uye Commonwealth of Nations, uye inoshanya anokoka anokoka kumusangano wepagore weG20; kukurudzira kwayo kwakashata pazvinhu zvepasirese, zvichienderana nehukuru hwayo, zvaitungamira kuti iratidzwe sesimba repakati. Nyika ndiyo nyika ine humwe humwe hwakasimukira muAsia, iri pachikamu chegumi nemaviri pane yeUN Human Development Index, uye ine yechinomwe yepamusoro GDP pamunhu pasi. Inotaridzwa zvakare neTransparent International kuti ive nyika isingaori zvakanyanya muAsia, uye yechishanu isingaori zvakanyanya pasi rese. Singapore inoiswa zvakanyanya muzviratidzo zvakakosha zvemagariro: dzidzo, hutano hwehutano, hupenyu hwehupenyu, kuchengetedzeka kwemunhu uye dzimba, ine huwandu hwepamba-hwepamutemo hwe99%. MaSyandian vanonakidzwa neimwe yehurefu hwakareba hwehupenyu hwetariro uye humwe hwepasi hushoma huwandu hwevanhu vakafa pasi. Seguta, Singapore inorongedzwa seAlfa + guta renyika, uye ndiyo chete nyika muAsia ine AAA Emperor chiyero kubva kune ese makuru mareti emahara. Iyo huru yemari uye yekufambisa hubhu, yagara yakaganhurwa iro rinodhura guta kugara mukati 2013, uye yakawonekwa semutero nzvimbo. Singapore zvakare inzvimbo inozivikanwa yekushanya, ine nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzakadai seMerlion, Marina Bay Sands, Minda neBay, the Jewel, Orchard Road Shopping bhandi, chitsuwa cheSentosa, uye Singapore Botanic Gardens, chete gadheni rinopisa munyika kuti rikudzwe seUNESCO World Heritage Site.Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/